AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN SACHET WATER IN ABA
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- NGN 3000
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Water is a liquid that has no taste, no smell, no color, and is completely transparent. It is necessary for life. Seventy-eight percent of the earth's surface is taken up by water and other natural resources (Adegoke, 2022). In order to carry out its daily tasks, the human body requires around three to four liters (liters) of water. In addition to being required for essential bodily processes, man also need water for a variety of other activities, such as transportation, leisure, waste disposal, and the operation of hydroelectric systems (Ajayi , 2021). Water is a useful solvent, and it is so versatile that it is sometimes called the "universal solvent." Within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, it does not exhibit any transparency. Because they are able to absorb sunlight, aquatic plants are able to sustain life in water. Light with an ultraviolent and infrared spectrum is absorbed to a high degree. Chemically speaking, water is composed of two moles of hydrogen and one mole of oxygen in the proportion of 2:1. The temperature at which water (and any other liquid) begins to boil is determined by the barometric pressure. Take, for instance, the summit of the mountain. The boiling point of water at Everest is 680C (1540F), which is much lower than the sea level boiling point of 1000C (2120F). On the other hand, water that is located deep below the ocean near geothermal vents may reach temperatures as high as hand reds or degrees while still maintaining its liquid state.
As addition as having a high heat of vaporization, water also has the second highest molar specific of any material that is currently known, behind only ammonia (40.65KJ mol-1). These two uncommon properties are both caused by the substantial hydrogen bonding that exists between the molecules of the substance in question, and they both work to buffer big temperature swings. Water is essential for the maintenance of a healthy body temperature, as it is responsible for the transportation of nutrients throughout the body, the improvement of digestion, and the elimination of waste and toxins from the body.
Human brains are composed of 75% water, human bones are composed of 25% water, and human blood is composed of 83% water on average. The total quantity of water in the body of an average adult is 37 liters. Because just breathing each day causes an average loss of 250 milliliters of water each day, it is imperative that this volume of water be constantly supplied. You may guarantee that your body has all it needs to maintain excellent health by drinking a suitable quantity of water each day, which is at least 8 glasses or 2 liters. Of course, your fluid demands can be double or even treble that amount when you exercise for more than an hour in the heart.
Water has a natural appetite-suppressing effect and also assists the body in metabolizing fat that has been accumulated. In spite of how incredible it may seem, water is very perhaps the single most important substance. The single most crucial factor in successfully dropping excess weight and keeping it off. According to a number of studies, an increase in water consumption may actually produce a reduction in fat deposits, whilst a decrease in water consumption has been proven to cause an increase in fat deposits.
If there is not enough water in the body, the kidneys won't work correctly. When they aren't working to their full potential, part of their burden is transferred to the liver. The liver's major job is to convert the body's stored fat into usable fuel, which it does via a process called metabolism. When the body does not obtain enough water, it will take what it needs from internal sources, such as the colon, which is one of the fundamental functions of the body. Drinking water may help ease constipation. However, normal bowel function often recovers if the individual consumes an adequate amount of water.
The three primary things that are required for survival are air, water, and food in that order of significance. A human can live for roughly a week without food, around three days without drink, and only about five minutes without air if they don't have a mouth. One of the eight components of basic health care in 1918 was the provision of a sufficient quantity of potable water that was free from contamination. The rise in the human population has put a significant strain on the availability of clean water for drinking, particularly in those parts of the world that are still growing.
Countries that were influenced by colonialism in Nigeria at the time. The government provided free water to the general populace at all times. However, Nigeria has transitioned from a capitalist mixed economy to a capitalist economy. As a result of the insufficient supply of water by governments in today's cities and towns, water is now subject to rates and fees. At the same time, private sector participation has evolved, and the concept of packaged drinking water, which is commonly referred to as "pure water," is now a common phenomenon in the country.
The term "sachet water" refers to the commercially available kind of packaged water that is simple to open and contains between 50 and 60 milliliters of polyethylene. This pre-packaged water is convenient and reasonably priced, contributing to its rise in popularity. Resulting from the misuse of its manufacturing, which ultimately led to a circumstance in which the pure. Despite the fact that there has been a death of documented data in the incidence rate. Since the introduction of purified water, there has been a discernible rise in the number of cases of samonellosis and typhoid fever, as has been noted by a large number of people.
Rainwater, surface water, and ground water are the three primary sources of potable water production in Nigeria. Groundwater is the fourth major contributor. In a similar vein, Anuonye. (2022) stated that the majority of the water that is consumed in Nigeria is obtained from sources such as rainwater, lakes, rivers, springs, streams, and ground water including boreholes and private wells. However, these sources do not always produce pure water due to the presence of various contaminants in the water.
The polluting of water sources has had and will continue to have negative implications. In the sake of Nigeria's medical and economic progress (Dada, 2022). There are several files and laws pertaining to the use of water. In Nigeria, such regulations are overseen by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), which was established by decree No. 15 of 1993. NAFDAC surveillance carried out between 2004 and 2005 revealed that some producers of packed water indulge in share practices such as the packaging of untreated water, production under unhygienic conditions, illegal production of unregistered water in unapproved premises, use of non-food grade sachets and containers, and use of non-food grade sachets
The situation in Nigeria, on the other hand, seems to be deteriorating and, as a result, calls for an increase in attention in order to successfully manage the issue. This is despite the fact that public and internal agencies have developed plans to address the concerns. Nevertheless, it is necessary to do a complete analysis of the scope of the issue and the damage it causes. Regulations governing drinking water demand that any water intended for human use be free of illnesses that may be transmitted to humans. microorganisms that are harmful and particular examples of these pathogens (Edema ,2022). This does not imply that water used for drinking should be sterile since certain types of bacteria are considered to be pathogens. Examples of bacterial pathogens and the diseases that they cause include dysentery and lagionella pnenophilia (also known as legconneaire's disease). The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of pathogenic organisms in sachet-packaged drinking water that was sold in Aba, which is located in the state of Abia.
For instance, research (Adegoke, 2022) has been carried out in recent years on the quality of bottled water in Nigeria's market. These concentrated largely on the end-product, omitting the procedures that decide the ultimate rate of the packaged water, as well as the people (different stakeholders involved) in whose hands the will power to effect the desired changes lies in order to bring about those changes. As a direct result of this, proposals that are actionable and attempt to alter the status quo have not yet been developed. The objectives of this study were to determine the bacteriological quality of the water contained in sachets, to identify contributory factors that determine the fate of the packaged water product as it moves from the catchment to the consumers, and to highlight unharnessed opportunities for policy improvement that would allow for sustained and improved regulation of the sachet water industry.
Therefore, it is unavoidable that sachet water be subjected to routine testing at the point of distribution in order to determine whether or not it satisfies the prerequisites for being considered a source of safe drinking water. The present research used Aba, Nigeria as a case study to assess the prevalence of water-borne infections in sachet water across Nigeria. This determination was based on the findings of the previous study.
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